A 41-year-old man presents to his physician complaining of swollen ankles. He states that he has never had this problem before. Physical examination demonstrates marked lower extremity edema and periorbita l swelling. His pulse is strong, and regular. Urine dipstick is 4+ positive for protein, but negative for blood and glucose. 24-hour urine collection demonstrates proteinuria of 6 grams per day. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's disorder?
A knife wound to the neck damages the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Which of the following muscles would be most likely to be paralyzed?
5 mL of synovial fluid is aspirated from an inflamed knee joint. The fluid is yellow-white and cloudy and contains 200,000 WBC/mm3 (85% neutrophils). Needle-shaped, strongly negatively birefringent crystals are seen both within and outside neutrophils. These crystals most likely have which of the following compositions?
A researcher employs site-directed mutagenesis to produce mutations in a gene that is important for development of the ureteric bud in a rat embryo . The embryo develops abnormally, and is delivered stillborn twenty days later. Examination of the stillborn fetus would likely reveal absence of which of the following renal structures?
Two normal, healthy subjects volunteer for a study on insulin secretion . In Patient 1, blood glucose is increased to 150 mg/dL by direct intravenous infusion. In Patient 2, blood glucose is increased to 150 mg/dL by ingestio n of oral glucose. The peak plasma insulin concentration produced in Patient 1 is 70 mU/mL while in Patient 2, it is 95 mU/mL. Which of the following best explains the higher insulin concentration in Patient 2?
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure = 44 mm Hg, Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure = 9 mm Hg, Osmotic pressure of plasma = 28 mm Hg, Osmotic pressure of tubular fluid = 0. Given this data, what is the net filtration pressure at the glomerulus?
A 54-year-old man with emphysema presents to his physician with a blood pressure of 157/101 mm Hg. Over the next several months the physician prescribes angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, and calcium channel blockers, but the patient has to discontinue each agent because of undesirable side effects. The physician then decides to prescribe a beta antagonist. Which of the following beta antagonists would be most appropriate for this particular patient?
A child who has had abnormal development of the membranous bones has a broad skull with associated facial and dental anomalies. Which other bones are most likely to also be affected?
A woodworker operating a bandsaw accidently injures his wrist, severing his radial artery and producing severe hemorrhage. As he loses blood, his body tries to compensate for the developing hypotension by increasing sympathetic outflow. The postganglionic signals carrying the impulses to constrict his arterioles are transmitted along which of the following fiber types?
A 34-year-old woman presents with fatigue, malaise, and swollen, tender joints. Physical examination is significant for a maculopapular eruption over sun-exposed areas, including the face. Examination of a peripheral blood smear reveals mild thrombocytopenia. Which of the following autoantibodies, if present, would be most specific for the diagnosis of the patient's disorder?